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####
QEMU
####
Basic VM command
================
.. code-block:: bash
#!/bin/sh
exec qemu-system-x86_64 \
-machine type=q35,accel=kvm \
-enable-kvm \
-cpu host \
-smp cores=6,threads=2,sockets=1 \
-m 8G \
-drive file=ubuntu.qcow2,format=qcow2 \
-netdev user,id=mynet0 \
-device e1000,netdev=mynet0 \
-device qemu-xhci,id=xhci \
-device usb-tablet,bus=xhci.0 \
-usb \
-device usb-ehci,id=ehci \
-device usb-host,bus=usb-bus.0,hostbus=1,hostport=1 \
-device intel-hda \
-device hda-duplex \
-name Ubuntu \
-boot d \
-monitor stdio \
-display none \
"$@"
.. admonition:: TODO
Describe the command and split it apart into sepatate sections.
TCP port forwarding
==========================================================
If you want to forward an SSH port use the following options::
-net user,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 \
If you need to forward multiple TCP ports, add another ``hostfwd`` entry after a
comma like this::
-net user,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22,hostfwd=tcp::51822-:51822 \
Exchange files with the host using samba [#shared-folder]_
==========================================================
When running QEMU, add the following options to the ``qemu-system-x86_64``
invocation command::
-netdev user,smb="/path/to/shared/directory",id=mynet0 \
-device e1000,netdev=mynet0 \
The shared directory can be mounted by a guest Linux machine like this::
mount -t cifs //10.0.2.4/qemu <mountpoint> -o user=<user>,pass=<password>
The ``<user>`` and the ``<password>`` can be almost *anything* existing or not,
even nothing, you even can provide just ``-o user=,pass=``.
The ``-t cifs`` part might be optional if ``mount`` supports inferring file
system type.
To mount it via ``/etc/fstab`` add the following line to the file::
//10.0.2.4/qemu <mountpoint> cifs user=<user>,pass=<password> 0 0
On Windows you can just enter the following address into explorer's address
bar, no authentication required::
\\10.0.2.4\qemu
Overall it looks like this:
.. image:: windows-guest-explorer-exe-qemu-samba.png
Pass specific USB port to the guest [#qemu-usb-emulation]_
==========================================================
Here is how it's done::
-device qemu-xhci \
-device usb-host,hostbus=<bus>,hostport=<port> \
First find the <bus> and <port> values of the USB port (physical socket) you
need to pass to the guest machine. Take a USB device you can clearly identify in
the ``lsusb`` output and insert it into the port. Then run ``lsusb -t`` and
observe the output::
/: Bus 001.Port 001: Dev 001, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/10p, 480M
|__ Port 001: Dev 123, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 480M
|__ Port 002: Dev 031, If 0, Class=Vendor Specific Class, Driver=cp210x, 12M
|__ Port 004: Dev 127, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 480M
|__ Port 002: Dev 006, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 480M
|__ Port 004: Dev 003, If 0, Class=Wireless, Driver=btusb, 12M
|__ Port 004: Dev 003, If 1, Class=Wireless, Driver=btusb, 12M
|__ Port 007: Dev 005, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 12M
|__ Port 008: Dev 007, If 0, Class=Wireless, Driver=btusb, 12M
|__ Port 008: Dev 007, If 1, Class=Wireless, Driver=btusb, 12M
/: Bus 002.Port 001: Dev 001, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/4p, 10000M
|__ Port 001: Dev 015, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 5000M
/: Bus 003.Port 001: Dev 001, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/4p, 480M
|__ Port 002: Dev 002, If 0, Class=Audio, Driver=snd-usb-audio, 12M
|__ Port 002: Dev 002, If 1, Class=Audio, Driver=snd-usb-audio, 12M
|__ Port 002: Dev 002, If 2, Class=Audio, Driver=snd-usb-audio, 12M
|__ Port 002: Dev 002, If 3, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 12M
|__ Port 003: Dev 003, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 12M
|__ Port 003: Dev 003, If 1, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 12M
|__ Port 003: Dev 003, If 2, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 12M
|__ Port 004: Dev 004, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 12M
|__ Port 004: Dev 004, If 1, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 12M
|__ Port 004: Dev 004, If 2, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 12M
/: Bus 004.Port 001: Dev 001, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/4p, 10000M
You can also run just ``lsusb`` command, since it has human friendly device
description, but without tree structure, and note the ``Device`` number listed
to use it to identify the device in the ``lsusb -t`` command output::
Bus 001 Device 031: ID 10c4:ea60 Silicon Labs CP210x UART Bridge
My device here is ``cp210x`` with number ``031`` and it sits on the bus ``1``
and port ``1.2``. Look closely at how these numbers are inferred::
+- The bus number (1)
| +- The first number of the <port> value (1)
| | +- The second number of the <port> value (2)
v | |
/: Bus 001 v | Dev 001, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/10p, 480M
|__ Port 001: v 123, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 480M
|__ Port 002: Dev 031, If 0, Class=Vendor Specific Class, Driver=cp210x, 12M
I am going to use these ``<hostbus>`` (``1``) and ``<port>`` (``1.2``) values
like this::
-device qemu-xhci \
-device usb-host,hostbus=1,hostport=1.2 \
Note that the ``<port>`` value complexity depends on how many USB hubs you have
inserted into each other. If there are no USB hubs, then there will be most
likely just a single number. If you are trying to pass a port of a USB hub, then
you will end up with two numbers separated by dot. If it is a port of a USB hub
inserted in another USB hub, then you will need three numbers separated by dots
to describe the ``hostport`` like ``1.5.2``. It is possible that your
motherboard has a USB hub on it (laptops are made like this sometimes) and
expose it's ports, then such a port may have two numbers, separated by a dot.
.. [#shared-folder] `Shared folder between QEMU Windows guest and Linux host / stackexchange.com <https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/183609>`_
.. [#qemu-usb-emulation] `USB emulation - QEMU documentation / www.qemu.org <https://www.qemu.org/docs/master/system/devices/usb.html>`_
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